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| Gifting Appreciated Assets: Tax Management Strategy |
| Overview |
Gifting appreciated assets can be a strategic way to manage taxes for a family. This involves transferring assets such as stocks, real estate, or other investments that have increased in value to family members or others. |
| Benefits |
- Reduces Estate Size: By gifting appreciated assets, an individual can reduce the size of their estate, potentially lowering estate taxes upon their death.
- Capital Gains Tax Avoidance: The recipient of the gift generally assumes the giver's cost basis. If the recipient is in a lower tax bracket, they may pay less in capital gains tax if they sell the asset.
- Annual Exclusion: Each year, an individual can gift up to a certain amount ($16,000 in 2023) to as many people as they wish without incurring gift tax or using their lifetime gift tax exemption.
- Lifetime Exemption: Gifts above the annual exclusion count against the lifetime gift tax exemption. For 2023, the exemption is $12.92 million per individual. Gifting appreciated assets can help to utilize this exemption strategically.
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| Considerations |
- Gift Tax Returns: If the value of a gift to any one person exceeds the annual exclusion amount, a gift tax return may need to be filed using IRS Form 709.
- Cost Basis: The recipient of the gift takes on the donor's cost basis. This is important for calculating potential capital gains tax upon the sale of the asset.
- Capital Gains Tax Rates: The recipient's capital gains tax rate may be significantly lower than the donor's, especially if the recipient is a child or grandchild who has not yet reached the peak of their earning potential.
- Gifts to Minors: Consider using a custodial account under the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act (UGMA) or the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) when gifting to minors.
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| Strategies |
- Gifts to Family Members in Lower Tax Brackets: Gifting appreciated assets to family members in lower tax brackets can result in overall family tax savings when the asset is sold.
- Educational and Medical Expenses: Direct payments for someone's educational or medical expenses do not count as taxable gifts, regardless of the amount.
- Charitable Contributions: Gifting appreciated assets to a qualified charitable organization can provide a tax deduction for the fair market value of the asset and avoid capital gains taxes.
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| Limitations |
- Loss of Control: Once an asset is gifted, the donor relinquishes control over it. This should be carefully considered, especially with significant assets.
- Potential for Recipient's Divorce or Creditors: Gifted assets may become subject to claims by the recipient's creditors or may be divided in a divorce settlement.
- Medicare/Medicaid Implications: Gifting assets can affect eligibility for Medicare or Medicaid, as there are look-back periods for asset transfers.
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| Conclusion |
Gifting appreciated assets can be an effective tax management tool for families. However, it is important to consider the implications of such gifts, including potential gift tax liability, the recipient's tax situation, and the donor's long-term financial goals. Consulting with a tax professional is recommended to navigate the complexities of this strategy. |
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